+24%
Higher National GDP by 2045 vs BAU
IDR 62,380 trillion vs. IDR 50,2 trillion under BAU.
Impact & Data
Natural capital, economy and innovation — in sourced figures.
Current conditions from the Inisiatif Bioekonomi 2025 publication, clearly separated from the 2045 scenario projections.
Biodiversity potential
95,5 million hectares of forest cover.
Indonesia’s forest cover in 2024 according to the Ministry of Forestry — immense potential to supply raw materials for food, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and various other biomaterial products. Portions of production forest areas continue to face productive utilization challenges due to limited legal access, infrastructure, and investment.
- 29,6million ha
- Protected Forest
- 68,7million ha
- Production Forest
- 27,4million ha
- Conservation Forest
Forest area with a protective function.
Concession forest 32,4 million ha · non-concession forest 36,3 million ha · 590 PBPH units.
Area for the conservation of biodiversity.
Indonesia has…
The share of the world’s species that live in Indonesia.
World’s fish25%
World’s birds17%
World’s reptiles16%
World’s mammals12%
World’s flowering plants10%
Bar scale 0–100%.
The sea: ample room to grow.
- ±12
- million tons/year maximum sustainable yield for capture fisheries
- 7,3–7,4
- million tons/year average national fisheries production, 2020–2024
- 2%
- resource rent tax + closed season — Arafura Sea shrimp fisheries case study
Bioeconomy to support economic growth
12,61% of national GDP.
Contribution of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors in 2024, with an absolute value reaching IDR 2.791.428 billion (Statistics Indonesia, BPS).
Sectoral distribution of GDP (2024)
Share of national GDP, ranked.
Food9,52%
Food industry (food & beverage processing)6,92%
Ecotourism3,90%
Aquaculture & fisheries2,51%
Pharmaceuticals1,78%
Pulp and paper0,67%
Environmental services0,62%
Wood products0,59%
Bar length relative to the highest value (9,52%).
Export trends of potential bioeconomy commodities (USD)
- 16,3billion
- Green chemistry (cosmetics)
- 4,4billion
- Fishery and forestry commodities
- 2,6billion
- Perennial crops
- 949,2million
- Biopharmaceuticals
- 662,5million
- Livestock
- 460,2million
- Aquaculture
- 300,6million
- Capture fisheries
- 291,8million
- Annual crops
- 19,5million
- Forestry operations
- 14,2million
- Ornamental plants
- 8,4million
- Pulp and paper
- 3,7million
- Wood products
- 2,2million
- Hunting, trapping, and captive breeding
- 1,7million
- Logging and timber harvesting
Technology, research, and innovation
GII ranking: 85 → 55.
Indonesia’s rank in the Global Innovation Index (WIPO), 2020–2025. The lower the number, the better. In 2024 Indonesia ranked 54th out of 133 economies.
HRST 2023: ±445.521 human resources in science and technology (≈1.596 personnel per million inhabitants), ±95% in the higher education sector (BRIN).
Scenario projections · not measured data
The potential of bioeconomy to 2045.
+40%
Value Added by 2045, from total GDP
IDR 24,945 trillion from bioeconomy contribution (5 cluster).
25,2B TonC
Land carbon stock
25,2b ToC with IBI vs 11b ToC without intervention in 2045.
93,5%
emission reduction target
83,0
environmental quality index
+10% → +9%